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Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake

Hong ZHONG , Gao LIN , Hongjun LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 316-322 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0039-9

摘要： Based on the assumption that concrete is macroscopic homogeneous, the cracking evolution process and damage mode of high arch dams are studied in consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete in mesoscale. The bilinear damage evolution model and the damage evolution model expressed in power function with descending section are adopted to combine with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion to investigate the crack development and fracture mode of high arch dams under the action of an earthquake. The analysis result of a high arch dam in China under design shows that cracks that take place in concrete are caused by excessive tensile stress. The cracks initiate at the middle of the dam top and distribute at the upper half of the dam while the rest of the parts remain intact. This conclusion agrees with the model test result.

关键词： mesoscopic heterogeneity damage simulation in earthquakes arch dam

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厦金大桥地区地震危险性远景探讨

彭阜南,叶银灿,潘国富,刘杜娟

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 16-23

摘要：

厦门—金门及其邻近地区的现代地震特征虽已有讨论，但是自1999年9月21日台湾西部集集发生大地震（M=7.3）之后，促使人们考虑厦金地区在未来大桥工程修成之后的长期运转过程中，是否有更大地震发生而受到波及？这就需要从厦金地区周边更大的区域来进行分析。文章试图从台湾海峡地震内部成因、大陆福建沿岸的地震和台湾造山带内经常发生的较大地震可能对本区造成的危害进行探讨。

关键词：厦金大桥台湾海峡地震危险性

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Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations: Part II, energy-dissipationand damage reduction

Min-Ho CHEY,J. Geoffrey CHASE,John B. MANDER,Athol J. CARR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 297-306 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0308-8

摘要： Based on the performance results of the previously suggested smart building isolation systems (1st companion paper), this following study verifies the control effects of the systems from the view point of energy dissipation and damage level metrics. Several different model cases of the strategically isolated multi-story building structures utilizing passive dampers and semi-active resettable devices are analyzed and the energy-based target indices are compared. Performance comparisons are conducted on statistically calculated story/structural hysteretic energy and story/structural damage demands over realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period probability. Again, the semi-active solutions show significant promise for applications of resettable device, offering advantages over passive systems in the consistent damage reductions. The specific results of this study include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which smart building isolation systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Less variability is also seen for the semi-active isolation systems, indicating an increased robustness.

关键词： smart building isolation story and structural energy-dissipation damage assessment

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Regional seismic-damage prediction of buildings under mainshock–aftershock sequence

Xinzheng LU, Qingle CHENG, Zhen XU, Chen XIONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 122-134 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0072-x

摘要： Strong aftershocks generally occur following a significant earthquake. Aftershocks further damage buildings weakened by mainshocks. Thus, the accurate and efficient prediction of aftershock-induced damage to buildings on a regional scale is crucial for decision making for post-earthquake rescue and emergency response. A framework to predict regional seismic damage of buildings under a mainshock–aftershock (MS–AS) sequence is proposed in this study based on city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis (THA). Specifically, an MS–AS sequence-generation method is proposed to generate a potential MS–AS sequence that can account for the amplification, spectrum, duration, magnitude, and site condition of a target area. Moreover, city-scale nonlinear THA is adopted to predict building seismic damage subjected to MS–AS sequences. The accuracy and reliability of city-scale nonlinear THA for an MS–AS sequence are validated by as-recorded seismic responses of buildings and simulation results in published literature. The town of Longtoushan, which was damaged during the Ludian earthquake, is used as a case study to illustrate the detailed procedure and advantages of the proposed framework. The primary conclusions are as follows. (1) Regional seismic damage of buildings under an MS–AS sequence can be predicted reasonably and accurately by city-scale nonlinear THA. (2) An MS–AS sequence can be generated reasonably by the proposed MS–AS sequence-generation method. (3) Regional seismic damage of buildings under different MS–AS scenarios can be provided efficiently by the proposed framework, which in turn can provide a useful reference for earthquake emergency response and scientific decision making for earthquake disaster relief.

关键词： regional seismic damage prediction city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis mainshock–aftershock sequence multiple degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model 2014 Ludian earthquake

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A method for examining the seismic performance of steel arch deck bridges

Cheng-Yu LIANG, Airong CHEN,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 311-320 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0080-8

摘要： To examine the seismic resistance performance of a steel arch bridge during a strong earthquake, an approach is proposed in this paper to determine the ultimate strain of an arch rib using the static elasto-plastic large deformation theory. A steel fixed-end deck arch bridge with a span length of 200 m was used as an example in this study. The ultimate strain of the arch rib was calculated using the elasto-plastic finite element model. The seismic responses of the arch bridge exposed to strong earthquakes in two and three directions were also simulated. Moreover, the effect of earthquake motion in the lateral direction on the elasto-plastic earthquake response was discussed, and the seismic resistance of the structure was analyzed. The results show that steel arch bridges have preferable seismic resistance under strong earthquake conditions. While lateral earthquake motion has some influence on the damage to an arch bridge, it has little effect on the displacement, axial force, and bending moment responses of the arch rib. It is feasible to examine the seismic performance of the arch bridge by ascertaining the out-of-plane and in-plane earthquake responses of the bridge.

关键词： seismic performance earthquake damage steel deck arch bridge

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汶川大地震周年与地质灾害防治再思考

卢耀如

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 36-43

摘要：

汶川大地震已过去一年时间，地震造成巨大灾害至今不能忘记，应当更好地贯彻科学发展观，深入地去思考分析地震灾害的机理，以期能为今后防灾减灾提供有效的科学依据。

关键词：汶川地震川滇地震历史地质灾害地震机理

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汶川巨震的预测和思考

耿庆国

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 123-128

摘要：

根据多年来对旱震关系、强震活动有序性及强磁暴组合法的地震预测探索，就川、甘、青、陕，特别是四川阿坝州地区的地震活动连续3年的研究做了简要的回顾，披露了在汶川地震前的２００５年１２月８日向中国地震局提交的“关于加强川甘青交界地区强震短临监测和分析预报应急工作的紧急建议”要点。

关键词：汶川巨震预测旱震关系强震活动有序性强磁暴组合法

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从汶川地震震前现象认识其发震动力应具有的大尺度与深层次性

许绍燮

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 16-18

摘要：

认为汶川地震发震动力具有大尺度与深层次性，并就汶川地震的震前地震活动性进行了分析研究；大小环圆的交切，全球尺度条带的交会，深部地震活动的加强这几项地震活动性图像是汶川地震震前现象的重要特征，这些特征图像在1976年的唐山地震前也有所显示；条带交会，环圆交会，带圆交会处质点运动各异，相互闭锁，质点运动不易解耦，形成应力集中，常常可成为强震发生的场所；深部闭锁活动的特色，在地表观测中易于失察，成为巨大地震更不易预察的一种原因。鉴于巨大地震灾害的严重性，今后在地震预测监测中应加强对大尺度与深层次信息的监测、收集与分析研究。

关键词：汶川地震发震动力的大尺度与深层次性地震预测

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破坏性地震是可以预测的——孕震物理模型及临震信号

孙威

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第7期页码 7-17

摘要：

讨论地震前兆有它自已的孕震物理模型，地震孕育全过程分为加载、相持、卸载、短临和临震５个阶段；多次震例证明，破坏性地震的孕震物理模型是会重复和再现的；提出了追踪地震前兆信息，循序渐进预报地震的分析方法，对地震预报的阶段性进行了实用性的划分，有希望实现对破坏性地震的预报。

关键词：破坏性地震孕震物理模型临震信号地震前兆

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应坚持地震是可以预测预报的科学信念——记汶川三次强余震的成功预测

汪成民

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 107-110

摘要：

地震能否预测？汶川大震后地震系统内、社会舆论对这个焦点问题给予了广泛关注及争论。汶川地震后，中国地震预测咨询委员会的专家们就汶川余震开展了预测研究，以实际行动支援灾区救灾抢险工作，从5月15日至8月15日咨询委员会发布了3次正式预测意见，均正确预报了5 月18 日江油6.0级、5月25日青川6.4 级、8月1日北川6.1级3次强余震。虽然余震预测难度比主震预测要小，但3次预测全部正确，无一虚报、错报的科学事实，应该引起持“地震预测需十几代、几十代后才能解决”观点者醒悟，呼吁对地震成功预测的事实持不屑一顾，甚至压制者深思，并认真给予公平对待。

关键词：汶川大震汶川余震地震短临预测

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我国地震预测成绩的回顾与统计

高建国

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 129-131

摘要：

地震预测预报的难度大，但并非了无痕迹或不可知，我国每次较大的地震都有案例总结。统计表明，近４０年来，有７７次地震在发生前均有中期、短期甚至临震预测，不能因为汶川地震预测的失败，就全面抹杀中国的地震预报成绩，即我国的地震预测成绩是应予肯定的，汶川地震也并非是无前兆的“怪震”。

关键词：地震地震预测中国近30 多年的地震预报统计

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汶川地震沙层应变的短临前兆

王玉莹,佟晓辉,孙晓明,孙威

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 146-152

摘要：

应用北京昌平及西集沙层应力仪观测资料，根据该仪器以往30 年所观测到的地震震例以及2004年12 月26 日印尼8.7 级地震的前兆特征；沙层应力仪记录的汶川8.0 级地震短临前兆过程，符合沙层应力仪多年监测实践总结出来的孕震物理模型，尤其是2008 年3 月开始出现的短临异常时间与形态的阶段性变化，临震异常特征明显，与卫星热红外等其他观测项目具有很好的时间同步性，属于汶川8.0 级地震大尺度前兆异常。

关键词：汶川地震沙层应力仪沙层应力孕震物理模型临震信号

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2008年汶川特大地震的教训

谢礼立

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 28-35

摘要：

总结了汶川地震灾害以及建国60年来发生的地震灾害教训，针对我国长期以来执行的预防为主的方针和防震减灾工作的具体实践，评价了预防为主方针在我国防震减灾工作中的执行情况和存在的问题，认为从建国60年以来的地震灾害特别是汶川地震灾害的实际后果看，预防为主方针没有收到应有的效果；并讨论了众多的防震减灾重大科学问题，如地震危险性评价和地震区划的局限性和不确定性，地震诱发的地质灾害的评价和防御，地震预报研究和应用等一时还难以彻底解决的前提下如何贯彻防震减灾工作中的预防为主方针；强调要彻底解决减轻和预防地震灾害的问题，必须依靠土木工程的方法并辅之以其他灾前和灾后的防震减灾措施；指出防震减灾工作的最重要的教训是没有将预防放在防震减灾工作之首，没有将土木工程防灾放在预防工作之首；对于列为防震减灾工作的三大体系之一的地震预报主要工作应该加强研究工作，还远没到实际应用的阶段。

关键词：汶川地震防震减灾预防为主土木工程

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Neural network control for earthquake structural vibration reduction using MRD

Khaled ZIZOUNI, Leyla FALI, Younes SADEK, Ismail Khalil BOUSSERHANE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1171-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0544-4

摘要： Structural safety of building particularly that are intended for exposure to strong earthquake loads are designed and equipped with high technologies of control to ensure as possible as its protection against this brutal load. One of these technologies used in the protection of structures is the semi-active control using a Magneto Rheological Damper device. But this device need an adequate controller with a robust algorithm of current or tension adjustment to operate which is further discussed in the following of this paper. In this study, a neural network controller is proposed to control the MR damper to eliminate vibrations of 3-story scaled structure exposed to Tōhoku 2011 and Boumerdès 2003 earthquakes. The proposed controller is derived from a linear quadratic controller designed to control an MR damper installed in the first floor of the structure. Equipped with a feedback law the proposed control is coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to adapt the current tension required to the MR damper adjustment. To evaluate the performance control of the proposed design controller, two numerical simulations of the controlled structure and uncontrolled structure are illustrated and compared.

关键词： MR damper semi-active control earthquake vibration neural network linear quadratic control